India on Track to Achieve 500 GW of Renewable Energy by 2030

India’s transition to a green energy economy has taken a decisive leap forward. Union Minister Pralhad Joshi recently reaffirmed that the country is well on its way to achieving the ambitious target of 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030, a goal that aligns with India’s broader vision of sustainable growth and energy independence. Speaking at the curtain-raiser of the 8th International Solar Alliance Assembly, Joshi emphasized that solar power remains at the heart of India’s clean energy ambitions, supported by rapid capacity additions and forward-looking policy frameworks.

More than 20 lakh households have already benefited under the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana, he added. (Photo: PTI) | Business Standard

India’s Renewable Growth Story

Over the past decade, India has emerged as a global leader in renewable energy development. As of 2025, the country has installed more than 250 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity, accounting for nearly half of its total power generation. This milestone includes over 123 GW of solar energy, 52 GW of wind power, 55 GW of hydroelectric capacity, and 11 GW of bioenergy, alongside nearly 9 GW of nuclear power. Together, these figures showcase India’s diversified energy portfolio and its commitment to balancing sustainability with industrial growth.

According to Joshi, more than 162 GW of renewable projects are currently under implementation, while 100 GW worth of bids have already been floated. The minister expressed confidence that this momentum would continue, reinforcing India’s position as the third-largest producer of solar energy in the world. The International Energy Agency (IEA) recently noted that India is now the second-largest market for renewable energy growth, a testament to the country’s proactive energy transition policies.

A Vision Beyond Energy: Economic and Social Empowerment

India’s renewable energy mission is not merely an environmental imperative — it is a cornerstone of inclusive economic growth. Through flagship initiatives such as PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana and PM-KUSUM, the government aims to extend clean energy access to the most remote corners of the country. Over 20 lakh households have already benefited from free rooftop solar electricity under the Surya Ghar scheme, reducing both energy poverty and carbon emissions. Similarly, the PM-KUSUM initiative is empowering farmers by integrating solar energy into agricultural practices, helping them reduce dependency on diesel and grid power.

By making solar and other renewables accessible to rural communities, India is redefining how energy transitions can also drive social upliftment. The goal is not only to decarbonize the economy but also to democratize access to sustainable power.

Challenges on the Road to 2030

While India’s progress has been impressive, the journey toward 500 GW is not without challenges. Rapid scaling of renewable infrastructure requires massive investments — estimated at over ₹33 lakh crore — alongside improvements in grid integration, storage technologies, and transmission networks. The intermittent nature of solar and wind energy demands reliable backup systems such as battery storage and hybrid power models that combine renewables with thermal or hydro sources.

Financing remains another critical factor. Although foreign direct investment (FDI) in the renewable sector is growing, the high cost of capital and delays in project execution still pose hurdles. Streamlining land acquisition, ensuring timely grid connectivity, and strengthening domestic manufacturing under the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme will be essential to maintain the pace of expansion.

Furthermore, the coexistence of coal and renewables presents a complex policy challenge. While renewables are expanding, coal continues to dominate India’s energy mix, accounting for over 60% of electricity generation. A gradual but structured phase-down of coal, without compromising energy security, is crucial for a smooth transition.

Global Partnerships and Technological Innovation

India’s renewable journey is closely intertwined with international collaboration and technological advancement. Through organizations like the International Solar Alliance (ISA), India has positioned itself as a global advocate for solar diplomacy, encouraging over 100 countries to join its clean energy movement. Domestically, major projects such as the Khavda Hybrid Renewable Energy Park in Gujarat, one of the world’s largest, and the Dholera Solar Park represent India’s ability to combine innovation with scale.

Corporates are also playing a transformative role. The Dhirubhai Ambani Green Energy Giga Complex by Reliance Industries is set to become a major hub for manufacturing photovoltaic panels, batteries, and green hydrogen components, signaling India’s push toward self-reliance in renewable technology.

The Path Forward

As India moves toward the 2030 deadline, the focus will increasingly shift from target-setting to execution. Strengthening the financial ecosystem, modernizing the grid, expanding storage capacity, and enhancing domestic manufacturing will determine the pace of progress. The government’s consistent policy support, coupled with private sector participation, is already fostering an ecosystem conducive to innovation and investment.

Equally important will be addressing the environmental and social dimensions of the energy transition. Ensuring that renewable projects respect local ecosystems and create employment opportunities for displaced workers from the fossil fuel industry will help make India’s energy transformation truly sustainable.

The MGMM Outlook

India’s march toward achieving 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030 reflects the country’s growing determination to build a self-reliant and sustainable future. As highlighted by Union Minister Pralhad Joshi, the government’s vision extends beyond meeting energy targets — it’s about reshaping the nation’s economic and social framework. With over 250 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity already installed, India has positioned itself as a global leader in green energy transformation. Initiatives like PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana and PM-KUSUM not only provide clean power to millions but also empower rural and agricultural communities, turning the energy revolution into a movement for inclusive growth.

The renewable energy mission also symbolizes a deeper national resolve — to harmonize modern progress with traditional values of sustainability and self-sufficiency. India’s partnerships under the International Solar Alliance and massive domestic ventures like the Khavda Renewable Energy Park demonstrate how innovation and scale can coexist. Though challenges like financing, infrastructure, and balancing coal dependency remain, India’s focus on technology, policy reform, and public participation continues to guide its journey toward energy independence. The transition embodies the spirit of “Atmanirbhar Bharat” — where clean energy becomes both a means of empowerment and a tribute to the nation’s collective will for a greener tomorrow.

(Sources: Business Standard, PIB India, Hindustan Times)